Solaris: Difference between revisions

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Revision as of 21:02, 17 February 2023

General

Booting: x86

Into single-user mode:

  • In grub menu, edit entry
  • On $multiboot line, add "-s" to end
  • CTRL-X to boot

Show Grub boot options: 

bootadm list-menu

Set default menu option to second one: 

bootadm set-menu default=1

Set the timeout: 

bootadm set-menu timeout=10

Booting: OpenBoot

  • ok> prompt: STOP-A or BRK
banner
reset-all
probe-ide
probe-scsi
devaliases
printenv boot-device
setenv boot-device disk
reset

Package Management

Show package publisher: 

pkg publisher

Show us only the packages for which newer versions are available: 

pkg info -u

Update: 

pkg update

Show SRU installed (look at Branch and Packaging Date): 

pkg info entire

Search for a package matching "ucb": 

# pkg search ucb
INDEX      ACTION VALUE                                  PACKAGE
basename   file   usr/share/groff/1.22.3/font/devlj4/UCB pkg:/text/[email protected]
basename   dir    usr/ucb                                pkg:/legacy/compatibility/[email protected]
pkg.fmri   set    solaris/compatibility/ucb              pkg:/compatibility/[email protected]
pkg.fmri   set    solaris/legacy/compatibility/ucb       pkg:/legacy/compatibility/[email protected]

# pkg install pkg:/compatibility/[email protected]

Services

List all enabled services (-a also shows disabled): 

svcs

Show long list about one service: 

# svcs -l apache24
fmri         svc:/network/http:apache24
name         Apache 2.4 HTTP server
enabled      true
state        online
next_state   none
state_time   Mon Nov 12 16:22:58 2018
logfile      /var/svc/log/network-http:apache24.log
restarter    svc:/system/svc/restarter:default
contract_id  2017
manifest     /lib/svc/manifest/network/http-apache24.xml
dependency   optional_all/error svc:/system/filesystem/autofs:default (online)
dependency   require_all/none svc:/system/filesystem/local:default (online)
dependency   require_all/error svc:/milestone/network:default (online)

Enable a service: 

svcadm enable apache24

User Management

To give user ability to su to root:

  • /etc/user_attr.d/local-entries

To show status and unlock: 

passwd -s
passwd -u someuser

To stop account lockout: 

usermod -K lock_after_retries=no someuser

iSCSI initiator (Static)

Check initiator service is up: 

svcs network/iscsi/initiator

Add IP of storage system (use default port 3260): 

iscsiadm add static-config iqn.2000-01.com.example:initiator01, 192.0.2.2:3260

Check targets: 

iscsiadm list static-config

CHAPS enable: 

iscsiadm modify initiator-node --authentication CHAP

Set user, and secret (password): 

iscsiadm modify initiator-node --CHAP-name someuser
iscsiadm modify initiator-node --CHAP-secret
 Enter CHAP secret: ************
 Re-enter secret: ************

Enable: 

iscsiadm modify discovery --static enable

Show initiator status: 

iscsiadm list initiator-node
iscsiadm list target
iscsiadm list target-param -v

Show iSCSI disks: 

iscsiadm list target -S | grep "OS Device Name"


See also: Oracle Docs

Kerberos

Client: kclient

Networking

networking

Check status: 

dladm show-link

Show hostname: 

svccfg -s system/identity:node listprop config

Set hostname: 

svccfg -s system/identity:node setprop config/nodename="my-sol-host"
svccfg -s system/identity:node setprop config/loopback="localhost

NTP

Client: 

cd /etc/inet; cp ntp.client > ntp.conf

(edit file) 

svcadm enable ntp
svcadm start ntp

Reset root password

  • Boot from CD
  • Select option 3: Shell

Check availability of rpool (none expected): 

zpool list

Import rpool: 

zpool import -f -R /a rpool

df -h should show some filesystems under /a

Show zfs filesystems, check for root/ROOT/... 

zfs list

Set mount point for root filesystem: 

zfs set mountpoint=/mnt_tmp rpool/ROOT/11.4-11.4.31.0.1.88.5

Check new entry under /mnt/tmp has been added: 

zfs list

Mount filesystem: 

zfs mount rpool/ROOT/11.4-11.4.31.0.1.88.5

Remove password hash from /a/mnt_tmp/etc/shadow

Reset mount point: 

zfs umount rpool/ROOT/11.4-11.4.31.0.1.88.5
zfs set mountpoint=/ rpool/ROOT/11.4-11.4.31.0.1.88.5
zpool export rpool
  • Reboot server
  • edit grub menu ("e")
  • on line starting $multiboot, append "-s" option for single-user mode
  • enter "root" and once in shell, change root password
  • reboot

Resource Pools

Disks can be listed and formatted with: 

format

Will show at least the root pool (rpool): 

zpool list
zpool status

Show zfs file systems: 

zfs list

Create a new pool from one device (file, or disk device): 

zpool create pool1 /root/disk1
zpool list pool1
zfs list pool1

Add a second disk, and zfs capacity expands automatically: 

zpool add pool1 /root/disk2

Remove a pool: 

zpool destroy pool1

Create a mirror: 

zpool create pool1 mirror /root/disk1 /root/disk2

Check for errors: 

zpool scrub pool1

Remove a disk: 

zpool detatch pool1 /root/disk1

Add a new disk ("silver" the mirror disk2 > 1): 

zpool attach pool1 /root/disk2 /root/disk1

Make a bigger RAID: 

zpool create pool1 raidz /root/disk1 /root/disk2 /root/disk3 /root/disk4

Role Based Authentication

List profiles for a user: 

profiles -l user1

Create a new profile (local files, not LDAP): 

profile -p ChangePasswords -S files
> set desc="Allow changing of passwords"
> set auth=solaris.passwd.assign,solaris.account.activate
> info
> verify
> exit

Update a user to be assigned the new profile: 

usermod +P ChangePasswords user1

Profiles are stored locally in:

  • /etc/security/prof_attr

Zones

Oracle Docs:

Check zfs: 

zfs list | grep zones

Configuring a zone: 

root@npgs-solaris:~# zonecfg -z zone1
Use 'create' to begin configuring a new zone.
zonecfg:zone1> create
create: Using system default template 'SYSdefault'
zonecfg:zone1> set autoboot=true
zonecfg:zone1> set bootargs="-m verbose"
zonecfg:zone1> verify
zonecfg:zone1> commit
zonecfg:zone1> exit
root@npgs-solaris:~#

List config: 

root@npgs-solaris:~# zoneadm list -cv
  ID NAME             STATUS      PATH                         BRAND      IP
   0 global           running     /                            solaris    shared
   - zone1            configured  /system/zones/zone1          solaris    excl

Install zone: 

root@npgs-solaris:~# zoneadm -z zone1 install
The following ZFS file system(s) have been created:
    rpool/VARSHARE/zones/zone1
Progress being logged to /var/log/zones/zoneadm.20181109T163221Z.zone1.install
       Image: Preparing at /system/zones/zone1/root.

Install Log: /system/volatile/install.25403/install_log
 AI Manifest: /tmp/manifest.xml.5c4vcb
  SC Profile: /usr/share/auto_install/sc_profiles/enable_sci.xml
    Zonename: zone1
Installation: Starting ...
          Creating IPS image
Startup linked: 1/1 done
        Installing packages from:
            solaris
                origin:  http://pkg.oracle.com/solaris/release/
DOWNLOAD                                PKGS         FILES    XFER (MB)   SPEED
Completed                            415/415   65388/65388  428.2/428.2  507k/s

 PHASE                                          ITEMS
Installing new actions                   89400/89400
Updating package state database                 Done
Updating package cache                           0/0
Updating image state                            Done
Creating fast lookup database                   Done
Updating package cache                           1/1
Installation: Succeeded
 done.

        Done: Installation completed in 1328.592 seconds.


  Next Steps: Boot the zone, then log into the zone console (zlogin -C)

              to complete the configuration process.

Log saved in non-global zone as /system/zones/zone1/root/var/log/zones/zoneadm.20181109T163221Z.zone1.install

Start the zone: 

zoneadm -z zone1 boot

Login to the zone console (disconnect with ~.) and finish setup with UI: 

zlogin -C zone1

Check status: 

zoneadm list -v

Show config: 

zonecfg -z zone1 info -a

Dedicated CPUs (set min 1, max 3) to a zone: 

# zonecfg -z zone1
zonecfg:zone1> add dedicated-cpu
zonecfg:zone1:dedicated-cpu> set ncpus=1-3
zonecfg:zone1:dedicated-cpu> end
zonecfg:zone1> verify
zonecfg:zone1> commit
zonecfg:zone1> exit

("select" to enter a resource once it exists. "remove" to delete)

Set Memory cap: 

zonecfg:zone1> add capped-memory
zonecfg:zone1:capped-memory> set physical=512m
zonecfg:zone1:capped-memory> set swap=1024m
zonecfg:zone1:capped-memory> set locked=128m
zonecfg:zone1:capped-memory> end

Capped Memory

Set CPU cap (proportion guaranteed if there is contention), eg 50%: 

# zonecfg -z zone1
zonecfg:zone1> add capped-cpu
zonecfg:zone1:capped-cpu> set ncpus=0.5
zonecfg:zone1:capped-cpu> end

Capped CPU

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